Flora of Bansyal – Khetri – Bagor Conservation Reserve, Jhunjhunu District, Rajsathan
Dr. Dharmendra Khandal
Conservation Biologist
Tiger Watch, Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan
Dr. Satish Kumar Sharma
Assistant Conservator of Forests (Retd.)
14-15, Chakri Amba, Rampura Circle, Udaipur, Rajasthan
Praveen Singh
Field Biologist,
Tiger Watch, Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan
Bansyal- Khetri – Bagor Conservation Reserve is situated in Khetri tehsil of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan state. It was notified as a Conservation Reserve by the Government of Rajasthan through notification number F3 (13) Forest/2016, dated April 10, 2018 under the Section 36A of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Area of Khetri-48, a Protected Forest block of Jhunjhunu Forest Division is included in this conservation reserve. Area of the reserve is 3966.654 ha.
Once, hills of the area were clade by the dense Anogeissus pendula forest (5B/E1Forest) but due to heavy biotic pressure, Anogeissus pendula has reached in its degraded form at most of the places and now instead of 5B/E1Forest it has acquired the shape of 5B/E1/DS1 Anogeissus scrub. Two types of forests are confined to the area namely, 5B-Northern tropical dry deciduous forests and 6B- Northern tropical thorn forests. Many subtypes of these two major types of forests are present in the area (Hudda, 2019). A list of present main subtypes of the forests is given below:
Table 1: Forest types of the area
S. No. | Major forest type | General edaphic type | General degradation type | Seral type |
1 | 5B – Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests | C2 – Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest | 5B/E1/DS1 – Anogeissus scrub | DS1 – Dry deciduous scrub DS3 – Euphorbia scrub DS4 – Dry grassland |
2 | 6B – Northern Tropical Thorn Forests | C1 – Desert Thorn Forests E1 – Acacia senegal forest E4 – Salvadora scrub | E1/DS1/IS1 – Desert dune forest and desert dune scrub | DS1 – Ziziphus scrub DS2 – Tropical Euphorbia scrub |
Environment condition:
This area is prone to aridity as rainfall is low, varying from 350mm to 450 mm per annum. Perennial streams and rivers are missing in the area. Winters are severe over here and temperature falls as low as 0°C. to -3°C. Summers are hot and temperature rises up to 45°C to 47°C.
Few planted rarities:
Chirani forest nursery is close to the area. Two Mahogani (Swietenia mahogani) trees are present in the nursery which are 20-25 years old. Four Mopane (Colophospermum mopane) trees are also present in this nursery. These planted rarities should be protected.
Wild animals:
Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve is an abode of many mammalian species like Northern plains Langur (Semnopithecus entellus), Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii), Common leopard (Panthera pardus), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), Grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), Grey wolf (Canis lupus), Golden jackal (C. aureus), Indian fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Desert fox (V. v. pusilla), Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis), House shrew (Suncus murinus), Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica), Five- striped squirreal (Funanbulus pennantii), Indian desert jird (Meriones hurrianae), Indian long – tailed tree mouse (Vandeleuria oleracea) etc. Once tiger (Panthera tigris) and its main prey base Sambar (Rusa unicolor) were common in the hilly forested area but now tiger has gone and common leopard has become an apex predator. Till 2010, a small population of Sambar was present in the forest area but now their numbers are decreasing. Forest Department should start Sambar restoration plan in the area. This is the Sambar’s western most gene pool of Rajasthan.
The gaps in knowledge of local flora:
Information about floral diversity of forests of Jhunjhunu district can be had from the working plan of the district (Rathore, 2012) but Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve was not in existence at the time of starting of this working plan. Hence, no specific information is available in this working plan about the conservation reserve. Hudda (2019) has prepared the first management plan of this conservation reserve but information about floral diversity is very scanty in this plan. Therefore, to bridge this gap, present study was done.

Scrub-covered hill slopes of the Bansyal–Khetri–Bagor landscape, representing northern tropical thorn and dry deciduous vegetation shaped by low rainfall and shallow rocky soils. Image: Praveen
Methodology
Area was visited many times from 2018 to 2025. Three season field surveys were done during winters, summers and rains to list the flora. Help of existing floras (Bhandri, 1990; Shetty and Singh, 1987,1991,1993) were taken to identify the plant species in the field. To identify the grass flora, special surveys were done late in the monsoon season when grasses are found in flowering stage. Rainy season was found very useful to record the tuberous and ephemeral species. During rainy season, aerial parts of tuberous species become visible and field identification also become easy. Help of local forest field staff was taken to prob the area.
Flora of Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve:
The findings of the surveys are presented below:
Table 2: Dicot flora of Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve
S. No. | Family | Scientific name | Habit* |
1 | Menispermaceae | Cissampelos pareira | TS |
Tinospora cordifolia | CS | ||
Cocculus hirsutus | SS | ||
Cocculus pendulus | SS | ||
2 | Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana | H |
3 | Fumariaceae | Fumaria indica | H |
4 | Cleomaceae | Cleome gynandra | H |
5 | Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium irio | H |
6 | Capparaceae | Capparis decidua | S / ST |
Capparis sepiaria | SS | ||
Crateva odora | T | ||
Maerua oblongifolia | S | ||
7 | Caryophyllaceae | Polycarpaea corymbosa | H |
8 | Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea | H |
9 | Tamaricaceae | Tamarix aphylla | T |
10 | Flacourtiaceae | Flacourtia indica | S / ST |
11 | Malvaceae | Abutilon indicum | US |
Abutilon ramosum | S | ||
Hibiscus caesius | H | ||
Hibiscus micranthus | H | ||
Malvastrum coromandelianum | H | ||
Sida acuta | US | ||
Sida cordata | H | ||
Sida cordifolia | US | ||
12 | Sterculiaceae | Melhania futteyporensis | US |
Sterculia urens | T | ||
Waltheria indica | H | ||
13 | Tiliaceae | Corchorus aestuans | H |
Corchorus depressus | H | ||
Corchorus tridens | H | ||
Corchorus trilocularis | H | ||
Grewia damine | S | ||
Grewia flavescens | S | ||
Grewia tenax | S | ||
Triumfetta pentandra | H | ||
14 | Zygophyllaceae | Tribulus terrestris | H |
15 | Oxalidaceae | Oxalis corniculata | H |
16 | Rutaceae | Limonia acidissima | T |
17 | Simaroubaceae | Ailanthus excelsa | T |
18 | Balanitaceae | Balanites aegyptiaca | T |
19 | Burseraceae | Boswellia serrata | T |
Commiphora wightii | S | ||
20 | Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica | T |
Melia azedarach | T | ||
21 | Celastraceae | Maytenus senegalensis | T |
22 | Rhamnaceae | Ziziphus glabrata | T |
Ziziphus mauritiana | T | ||
Ziziphus nummularia | S | ||
Ziziphus xylopyrus | UT | ||
23 | Vitaceae | Cayratia carnosa | C |
24 | Sapindaceae | Cardiospermum halicacabum | C |
25 | Anacardiaceae | Lannea coromandelica | T |
Rhus mysorensis | S | ||
26 | Moringaceae | Moringa concanensis | T |
Moringa oleifera | T | ||
27 | Fabaceae | Abrus precatorius | TH |
Alhagi maurorum | S | ||
Alysicarpus vaginalis | H | ||
Butea monosperma | T | ||
Clitoria ternatea | TH | ||
Crotalaria burhia | H | ||
Crotalaria medicaginea | H | ||
Desmodium triflorum | H | ||
Indigofera linifolia | H | ||
Indigofera linnaei | H | ||
Melilotus alba | H | ||
Melilotus indica | H | ||
Mucuna pruriens | TH | ||
Rhynchosia minima | TH | ||
Tephrosia villosa | US | ||
Tephrosia purpurea | H | ||
Trigonella hamosa | H | ||
28 | Caesalpiniaceae | Bauhinia racemosa | T |
Cassia auriculata | S | ||
Cassia italica | H | ||
Cassia fistula | T | ||
Cassia pumila | H | ||
Senna tora | H | ||
Tamarindus indica | T | ||
29 | Mimosaceae | Acacia catechu | T |
Acacia jacquemontii | S | ||
Acacia leucophloea | T | ||
Acacia nilotica | T | ||
Acacia senegal | T | ||
Acacia tortilis | T | ||
Dichrostachys cinerea | S | ||
Mimosa hamata | S | ||
Prosopis juliflora | T | ||
Prosopis cineraria | T | ||
30 | Combretaceae | Anogeissus pendula | T |
Anogeissus sericea var. nummularia | T | ||
31 | Cucurbitaceae | Citrullus colocynthis | C |
Cucumis melo var. agrestis | C | ||
Cucumis prophetarum | C | ||
Mukia maderaspatana | C | ||
Coccinia grandis | C | ||
Diplocyclos palmatus | H | ||
Luffa acutangula | C | ||
Momordica balsamina | C | ||
Momordica charantia | C | ||
Momordica dioica | C | ||
32 | Cactaceae | Opuntia elatior | S |
33 | Molluginaceae | Mollugo cerviana | H |
34 | Aizoaceae | Trianthema portulacastrum | H |
Zaleya govinda | H | ||
35 | Rubiaceae | Borreria articularis | H |
Borreria pusilla | H | ||
Mitragyna parvifolia | T | ||
36 | Asteraceae | Acanthospermum hispidum | H |
Ageratum conyzoides | H | ||
Ageratum houstonianum | H | ||
Bidens biternata | H | ||
Blumea lacera | H | ||
Caesulia axillaris | H | ||
Echinops echinatus | H | ||
Launaea resedifolia | H | ||
Oligochaeta ramosa | H | ||
Parthenium hysterophorus | H | ||
Pulicaria crispa | H | ||
Sonchus asper | H | ||
Tridax procumbens | H | ||
Vernonia cinerea | H | ||
Verbesina encelioides | H | ||
Xanthium strumarium | H | ||
37 | Salvadoraceae | Salvadora oleoides | T |
Salvadora persica | T | ||
38 | Apocynaceae | Catharanthus pusillus | H |
Wrightia tinctoria | T | ||
39 | Asclepiadaceae | Calotropis procera | S |
Ceropegia bulbosa | C | ||
Leptadenia pyrotechnica | S | ||
Pergularia daemia | TU | ||
Pentropis spiralis | C | ||
Wattakaka volubilis | TS | ||
40 | Periplocaceae | Cryptostegia grandiflora | SS |
Hemidesmus indicus | SU | ||
41 | Gentianaceae | Enicostema verticillatum | H |
42 | Boraginaceae | Arnebia hispidissima | H |
Heliotropium bacciferum | H | ||
43 | Ehretiaceae | Cordia dichotoma | T |
Cordia gharaf | T | ||
Ehretia laevis | T | ||
44 | Convolvulaceae | Evolvulus alsinoides | H |
Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa | S | ||
Ipomoea coptica | TH | ||
Ipomoea dichroa | TH | ||
Ipomoea nil | TH | ||
Ipomoea obscura | TH | ||
Ipomoea pes-tigridis | TH | ||
Merremia emarginata | H | ||
Rivea hypocrateriformis | CH | ||
45 | Cuscutaceae | Cuscuta chinensis | H |
Cuscuta reflexa | H | ||
46 | Solanaceae | Datura innoxia | H |
Lycium barbarum | S | ||
Physalis minima | H | ||
Physalis peruviana | H | ||
Solanum xanthocarpum | H | ||
Solanum nigrum | H | ||
Withania somnifera | US | ||
47 | Scrophulariaceae | Kickxia ramosissima | H |
Lindenbergia muraria | H | ||
Verbascum chinense | H | ||
48 | Bignoniaceae | Tecomella undulata | T |
49 | Pedaliaceae | Pedalium murex | H |
Sesamum indicum | H | ||
Sesamum mulayanum | H | ||
50 | Martyniaceae | Martynia annua | H |
51 | Acanthaceae | Adhatoda zeylanica | S |
Barleria prionitis | US | ||
Dipteracanthus patulus | H | ||
Elytraria acaulis | H | ||
Justicia procumbens | H | ||
Peristrophe paniculata | H | ||
52 | Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum phlomidis | S |
Lantana camara | S | ||
53 | Lamiaceae | Leucas aspera | H |
Leucas cephalotes | H | ||
Ocimum canum | H | ||
Salvia aegyptiaca | H | ||
54 | Nyctaginaceae | Boerhavia diffusa | H |
Commicarpus verticillatus | H | ||
55 | Amaranthaceae | Achyranthes aspera | H |
Celosia argentea | H | ||
Digera muricata | H | ||
Pupalia lappacea | H | ||
56 | Chenopodiaceae | Chenopodium album | H |
Chenopodium murale | H | ||
57 | Polygonaceae | Polygonum glabrum | H |
Polygonum plebeium | H | ||
Rumex dentatus | H | ||
58 | Loranthaceae | Dendrophthoe falcata | S |
59 | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia caducifolia | S |
Euphorbia hirta | H | ||
Euphorbia microphylla | H | ||
Jatropha gossypifolia | S | ||
Phyllanthus fraternus | H | ||
Ricinus communis | ST | ||
Securinega leucopyrus | S | ||
60 | Ulmaceae | Holoptelea integrifolia | T |
61 | Moraceae | Ficus arnottiana | T |
Ficus benghalensis | T | ||
Ficus racemosa | T | ||
Ficus religiosa | T |
Table 3: Monocot flora of Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor conservation reserve
| S. No. | Family | Scientific name | Habit* |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrilla verticillata | H |
| 2 | Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea bulbifera | TH |
| 3 | Liliaceae | Asphodelus tenuifolius | H |
| Asparagus racemosus | SU | ||
| Dipcadi erythraeum | H | ||
| Urginea indica | H | ||
| 4 | Commelinaceae | Commelina benghalensis | H |
| Commelina erecta | H | ||
| Commelina forskalaei | H | ||
| Cyanotis cristata | H | ||
| 5 | Arecaceae | Phoenix sylvestris | T |
| 6 | Lemnaceae | Lemna perpusilla | H |
| Spirodela polyrhiza | H | ||
| Wolffia microscopica | H | ||
| 7 | Potamogetonaceae | Potamogeton crispus | H |
| Potamogeton pectinatus | H | ||
| 8 | Typhaceae | Typha angustata | H |
| 9 | Cyperaceae | Cyperus arenarius | H |
| Cyperus atkinsonii | H | ||
| Cyperus difformis | H | ||
| Cyperus iria | H | ||
| Cyperus rotundus | H | ||
| Cyperus triceps | H | ||
| Eleocharis atropurpurea | H | ||
| Fimbristylis barbata | H | ||
| Fimbristylis tenera | H | ||
| Scirpus roylei | H | ||
| 10 | Poaceae | Apluda mutica | H |
| Aristida adscensionis | H | ||
| Aristida funiculata | H | ||
| Arthraxon lanceolatus | H | ||
| Bothriochloa pertusa | H | ||
| Brachiaria ramosa | H | ||
| Brachiaria raptans | H | ||
| Cenchrus biflorus | H | ||
| Cenchrus ciliaris | H | ||
| Cenchrus setigerus | H | ||
| Chloris barbata | H | ||
| Chloris virgata | H | ||
| Chrysopogon fulvus | H | ||
| Cymbopogon martinii | H | ||
| Cymbopogon jwarancusa | H | ||
| Cynodon dactylon | H | ||
| Dactyloctenium aegyptium | H | ||
| Dactyloctenium sindicum | H | ||
| Desmostachya bipinnata | H | ||
| Dichanthium annulatum | H | ||
| Digitaria pennata | H | ||
| Echinochloa colona | H | ||
| Eleusine coracana | H | ||
| Eragrostis ciliaris | H | ||
| Eragrostis minor | H | ||
| Eragrostis tenella | H | ||
| Heteropogon contortus | H | ||
| Melanocenchris jacquemontii | H | ||
| Oplismenus burmannii | H | ||
| Oropetium thomaeum | H | ||
| Panicum antidotale | H | ||
| Panicum turgidum | H | ||
| Perotis indica | H | ||
| Phragmites karka | H | ||
| Saccharum bengalense | H | ||
| Saccharum spontaneum | H | ||
| Sehima nervosum | H | ||
| Setaria verticillata | H | ||
| Sporobolus diander | H | ||
| Sporobolus ioclados | H | ||
| Sorghum halepense | H | ||
| Stipagrostis plumosa | H | ||
| Tetrapogon tenellus | H | ||
| Tetrapogon villosus | H | ||
| Tragus roxburghii | H | ||
| Urochloa panicoides | H | ||
| Vetiveria zizanioides | H |
* Habit
Tree: T= Tree (Tall, medium sized), ST= Small tree/ Under tree
Shrub : S= Shrub, TS = Twining shrub, CS= Climbing shrub, SS= Scandent shrub/ Straggling shrub, TU= Twining undershrub, SU=Scandent undershrub, US= Undershrub,
Herb : H= Herb, TH= Twining herb, C= Climber
Summary :
Summary of the various taxa recorded during the present study is depicted below :
| S. No. | Group | No. of Families | No. of Genera | No. of Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dicotyledons | 67 | 185 | 242 |
| 2 | Monocotyledons | 12 | 55 | 96 |
| Total | 79 | 240 | 338 |
Acknowledgements:
We thank Sh. R.K. Hudda, Dy. C.F. Jhunjhunu for assistance and support during the course of study.
References:
- Bhandary, M.M. (1990): Flora of the Indian Desert (Reprint). MPS Repros, Jodhpur.
- Hudda, R.K. (2019): Management plan for Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve (2019-20 to 2028-29).
- Rathore, M.S. (2012): Working plan of Jhunjhunu Division (2012-13 to 2021-22).
- Shetty, B.V. & V. Singh (1987, 1991, 1993): Flora of Rajasthan, Vol. I, II, III. Botanical Survey of India.






















