Flora of Bansyal тАУ Khetri тАУ Bagor Conservation Reserve, Jhunjhunu District, Rajsathan
Dr. Dharmendra Khandal
Conservation Biologist┬а
Tiger Watch, Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan
Dr. Satish Kumar Sharma
Assistant Conservator of Forests (Retd.)
14-15, Chakri Amba, Rampura Circle, Udaipur, Rajasthan
Praveen Singh
Field Biologist,
Tiger Watch, Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan
Bansyal- Khetri – Bagor Conservation Reserve is situated in Khetri tehsil of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan state. It was notified as a Conservation Reserve by the Government of Rajasthan through notification number F3 (13) Forest/2016, dated April 10, 2018 under the Section 36A of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Area of Khetri-48, a Protected Forest block of Jhunjhunu Forest Division is included in this conservation reserve. Area of the reserve is 3966.654 ha.
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а Once, hills of the area were clade by the dense Anogeissus pendula forest (5B/E1Forest) but due to heavy biotic pressure, Anogeissus pendula has reached in its degraded form at most of the places and now instead of 5B/E1Forest it has acquired the shape of 5B/E1/DS1 Anogeissus scrub. Two types of forests are confined to the area namely, 5B-Northern tropical dry deciduous forests and 6B- Northern tropical thorn forests. Many subtypes of these two major types of forests are present in the area (Hudda, 2019). A list of present main subtypes of the forests is given below:
Table 1: Forest types of the area
S.No. | Major type | General edaphic type | General degrade type | Seral type |
1 | 5B-Northern tropical dry deciduous forests | C2-Northern dry mixed deciduous forest | 5B/E1/DS1 –Anogeissus scrub | DS1– dry deciduous scrub ┬аDS3 тАУEuphorbia scrub DS4 тАУ Dry grassland |
2 | 6B- Northern tropical thorn forests. | C1– Desert thorn forests E1– Acacia senegal forest E4– Salvadora scrub | E1/ DS1/ 1S1– Desert dune forest and desert dune scrub | DS1 тАУ Ziziphus scrub DS2 тАУ Tropical Euphorbia scrub |
Environment condition:
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а This area is prone to aridity as rainfall is low, varying from 350mm to 450 mm per annum. Perennial streams and rivers are missing in the area. Winters are severe over here and temperature falls as low as 00 C. to -30C. Summers are hot and temperature rises up to 450 C. to 470 C.
Few planted rarities:
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а Chirani forest nursery is close to the area. Two Mahogani (Swietenia mahogani) trees are present in the nursery which are 20-25 years old. Four Mopane (Colophospermum mopane) trees are also present in this nursery. These planted rarities should be protected.
Wild animals:
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve is an abode of many mammalian species like Northern plains Langur (Semnopithecus entellus), Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii), Common leopard (Panthera pardus), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), Grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), Grey wolf (Canis lupus), Golden jackal (C. aureus), Indian fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Desert fox (V. v. pusilla), Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis), House shrew (Suncus murinus), Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica), Five- striped squirreal (Funanbulus pennantii), Indian desert jird (Meriones hurrianae), Indian long тАУ tailed tree mouse (Vandeleuria oleracea) etc. Once tiger (Panthera tigris) and its main prey base Sambar (Rusa unicolor) were common in the hilly forested area but now tiger has gone and common leopard has become an apex predator. Till 2010, a small population of Sambar was present in the forest area but now their numbers are decreasing. Forest Department should start Sambar restoration plan in the area. This is the SambarтАЩs western most gene pool of Rajasthan.
The gaps in knowledge of local flora:
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а Information about floral diversity of forests of Jhunjhunu district can be had from the working plan of the district (Rathore, 2012) but┬а┬а Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve was not in existence at the time of starting of this working plan. Hence, no specific information is available in this working plan about the conservation reserve. Hudda (2019) has prepared the first management plan of this conservation reserve but information about floral diversity is very scanty in this plan. Therefore, to bridge this gap, present study was done.
Methodology
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а Area was visited many times from 2018 to 2025. Three season field surveys were done during winters, summers and rains to list the flora. Help of existing floras (Bhandri, 1990; Shetty and Singh, 1987,1991,1993) were taken to identify the plant species in the field. To identify the grass flora, special surveys were done late in the monsoon season when grasses are found in flowering stage. Rainy season was found very useful to record the tuberous and ephemeral species. During rainy season, aerial parts of tuberous species become visible and field identification also become easy. Help of local forest field staff was taken to prob the area.
Flora of Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve:
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а The findings of the surveys are presented below:
Table 2: Dicot flora of Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve
S.No. | Family | Latin name of plant | Habit* |
1.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Monispermaceae | Cissampelos pareira | TS |
Tinospora cordifolia | CS | ||
Cocculus hirsutus Cocculus pendulus | SS SS | ||
2.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana | H |
3.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Fumariaceae | Fumaria indica | H |
4.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Cleomaceae | Cleom ginandra | H |
5.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium irio | H |
6.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Capparaceae | Capparis decidua | S/ST |
C. sepiaria | SS | ||
Crateva odansonii Mareua oblongifolia | T S | ||
7.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Caryophyllaceae | Polycarpaea corymbose | H |
8.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea | H |
9.┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а | Tamaricaceae | Tamarix aphylla | T |
10.┬а ┬а | Flacourtiaceae | Flacourtia indica | S/ST |
11.┬а ┬а | Malvaceae | Abutilon indicum A. ramosum | US S |
Hibiscus caesius | H | ||
H. micranthus Malvastrum coromandelianum Sida acuta S. cordata S. cordifolia | S H US H US | ||
12.┬а ┬а | Sterculiaceae | Melhania futteyporensis Sterculia urens Waltheria indica | US T H |
13.┬а ┬а | Tiliaceae | Corchorus aestuans | H |
C. depressus | H | ||
C tridens C. trilocularis | H H | ||
Grewia damine | S | ||
G. flavescens | S | ||
G. tenax Triumfetta pentandra | S H | ||
14.┬а ┬а | Zygophyllaceae | Tribulus terrestris | H |
15.┬а ┬а | Oxalidaceae | Oxalis corniculate | H |
16.┬а ┬а | Rutaceae | Limonia elephantum | T |
17.┬а ┬а | Simaroubaceae | Ailanthus excelsa | T |
18.┬а ┬а | Balanitaceae | Balanites aegyptiaca | T |
19.┬а ┬а | Burseraceae | Boswellia serrata | T |
Commiphora wightii | S | ||
20.┬а ┬а | Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica | T |
Melia azedarach | T | ||
21.┬а ┬а | Celastraceae | Maytenus seneglensis | T |
22.┬а ┬а | Rhamnaceae | Ziziphus glabrata | T |
Z.┬а mauritiana | T | ||
Z. nummularia | S | ||
Z. xylophyrus | UT | ||
23.┬а ┬а | Vitaceae | Cayratia carnosa | C |
24.┬а ┬а | Sapindaceae | Cardiospermum helicacabum | C |
25.┬а ┬а | Anacardiaceae | Lannea coromadelica Rhus mysurensis | T S |
26.┬а ┬а | Moringaceae | Moringa concanensis M. oleifera | T T |
27.┬а ┬а | Fabaceae | Abrus precatorius Alhagi marurorum | TH S |
Alysicarpus vaginalis | H | ||
Butea monosperma | T | ||
Clitoria ternatea | TH | ||
Crotalaria burhia C. medicagenia | H H | ||
Desmodinm triflorum | H | ||
Indigofera linifolia | H | ||
I. linnaei | H | ||
Melilotus alba ┬а | H
| ||
M. indica | H | ||
Mucuna prurita | TH | ||
Rhynchosia minima | TH | ||
Tephrosia villosa | US | ||
T. purpurea Trigonella hamosa | H H | ||
28.┬а ┬а | Caesalpiniaceae | Bauhinia racemosa Cassia auriculata C. italica | T S H |
C. fistula | T | ||
C. pumila | H | ||
C. tora/ Senna tora | H | ||
Tamarindus indica | T | ||
29.┬а ┬а | Mimosaceae | Acacia catechu A. jacquemontii A. leucophloea A. nilotica indica A. nilotica cupressiformis A. senegal | T S T T T T |
┬а |
| ||
┬а |
| ||
A. tortilis | T | ||
┬а |
| ||
Dichrostachys cinerea | S | ||
Mimosa hamata | S | ||
Prosopis juliflora | T | ||
P. cineraria | T | ||
30.┬а ┬а | Combretaceae | Anogeissus pendula / Terminalia pendula A. sericea var. nummularia | T
T |
31.┬а ┬а | Cucurbitaceae | Citrullus colocyntih Cucumis melo var. agrestis C. prophetarum C. maderaspatanus (Mukia | C C C C
|
maderaspatana) Coccinia grandis | C | ||
Diplocyclos palmatus | H | ||
Luffa acutangula | C | ||
Momordica balsamina | C | ||
M. charantia | C | ||
M. dioica | C | ||
32.┬а ┬а | Cactaceae | Opuntia elatior | S |
33.┬а ┬а | Molluginaceae | Mollugo cerviana | H |
34.┬а ┬а | Aizoaceae | Trianthema portulacastrum Zaleya govinda | H H |
35.┬а ┬а | Rubiaceae | Borreria articularis | H |
B. pusila | H | ||
Mitragyna parvifolia | T | ||
36.┬а ┬а | Asteraceae | Acanthospermum hispidum Adhatoda zeylanica Ageratum conyzoides | H S H |
A haustonianum | H | ||
Bidens biternate Blumea lacera | H H | ||
Caesulia axillaris | H | ||
Echinops eclinatus Launaea resedifolia Oligochaeta ramose | H H H | ||
Parthenium hysterophorus Pulicaria crispa Sonchus asper | H H H | ||
Tridax procumbens | H | ||
Vernonia cineria Verbesina encelioides | H H | ||
Xanthium strumarium | H | ||
37.┬а ┬а | Salvadoraceae | Salvadora oleoides S. persica | T T |
38.┬а ┬а | Apocynaceae | Catharanthus pasillus | H |
Wrightia tinctoria | T | ||
39.┬а ┬а | Asclepiadacace | Calotropis procera Ceropegia bulbosa | S C |
Leptadenia pyropechnica | S | ||
Pergularia daemia | TU | ||
Pentropis spiralis | C | ||
Wattakaka┬а volubilis | TS | ||
40.┬а ┬а | Periplocaceae | Cryptostegia grandiflora | SS |
Hemidesmus indicus | SU | ||
41.┬а ┬а | Gentianaceae | enicostema verticillare | H |
42.┬а ┬а | Boraginaceae | Arnebia hispidissima Heliotropium bacciferum | H H |
43.┬а ┬а | Ehretiaceae | Cordia dichotoma C. gharaf | T T |
Ehretia laevis | T | ||
44.┬а ┬а | Convolvulaceae | Evolvulus alsinoides | H |
Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa | S | ||
I. coptaica I. dichora | TH TH | ||
I. nil | TH | ||
I. obscura | TH | ||
I. pes-tigridis | TH | ||
Merramia emarginata | H | ||
Rivea hypoaraterifornis | CH | ||
45.┬а ┬а | Cascutaceae | Cuscuta chinensis | H |
C. reflexa | H | ||
46.┬а ┬а | Solanaceae | Datura innoxia ┬а Lycium barbarum | S S |
Physalis minima P. peruviana Solanum xanthocarpum S. nigrum Withania somnifera | H H H H US | ||
47.┬а ┬а | Scrophulariaceae | Kickxia ramosissima Lindenbergia muraria | H H |
Verbascum chinense ┬а | H | ||
48.┬а ┬а | Bignoniaceae | Tecomella undulata | T |
49.┬а ┬а | Pedaliaceae | Pedalium murex Sesamum indicum S. mulayanum | H H H |
50.┬а ┬а | Martyniaceae | Martynia annua | H |
51.┬а ┬а | Acanthaceae | Aahatoda zeylanica | S |
Barleria prionits | US | ||
Dipterocanthus patulus | H | ||
Elytraria aculis | H | ||
Justicia procumbens | H | ||
Peristrophe paniculata | H | ||
52.┬а ┬а | Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum phlomidis Lantana camara | S S |
53.┬а ┬а | Lamiaceae | Leucos aspera L. cephalotes Ocimum canum Salvia aegyptiaca | H H H H |
54.┬а ┬а | Nyctaginaceae | Boerhavia diffusa Commicarpus verticillatus | H H |
55.┬а ┬а | Amaranthaceae | Achyranthes aspera | H |
Celosia argentia Digera muricata | H H | ||
Pupalia lappacea | H | ||
56.┬а ┬а | Chenopodiaceae | Chenopodium album Chenopodium murale | H H |
57.┬а ┬а | Polygonaceae | Polygonum glabrum | H |
P. plebeium | H | ||
Rumex dentatus | H | ||
58.┬а ┬а | Loranthaceae | Dendrophthoe falcata var. Coccinia | S |
59.┬а ┬а | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia caducifolia | S |
E. hirta | H | ||
E. microphylla | H | ||
Jatropha gossypifolia | S | ||
Phyllanthus fraternus | H | ||
Ricinus communis | ST | ||
Securinega leucopyrus | S | ||
60.┬а ┬а | Ulmaceae | Holoptelea integrifolia | T |
61.┬а ┬а | Moraceae | Ficus arnottiana F. benghalensis F. racemosa F. religiosa | T T T T |
Table 3: Monocot flora of Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor conservation reserve
S.No. | Family | Latin name of plant | Habit* |
1 | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrilla verticillate | H |
2 | Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea bulbifera | TH |
3 | Liliaceae | Asphodelus tenuifolius | H |
Asparagus racemosus | SU | ||
Dipcadi erythraeum | H | ||
Urginea indica | H | ||
4 | Commelianceae | Commelina benghalensis | H |
C. erecta | H | ||
C. forskalaei | H | ||
Cyanotis cristata | H | ||
5 | Arecaceae | Phoenix sylvestris | T |
6 | Lemnaceae | Lemna perpusilla | H |
Spirodela poiyrhiza | H | ||
Wolffia microscopica | H | ||
7 | Potamogetonaceae | Potamogeton crispus | H |
P. pectinatus | H | ||
8 | Typhaceae | Typha angustata | H |
9 | Crperaceae | Cyperus arenarius | H |
C. atkinsonii | H | ||
C. difformis | H | ||
C. iria | H | ||
C. rotundus | H | ||
C. triceps | H | ||
Eleocharis atropurpurea | H | ||
Fimbristylis barbata | H | ||
Fimbristylis tenera ┬а | H
| ||
Scirpus royley | H | ||
10 | Poaceae | Apluda mutica | H |
Aristida adscensionis | H | ||
A. funiculate | H | ||
Arthraxon lanceolatus | H | ||
Bothriochloa pertusa | H | ||
Brachiaria ramosa | H | ||
B. raptans | H | ||
┬а Cenchrus biflorus C. ciliaris C. setigerus Choris barbata |
H H H H | ||
C. virgata | H | ||
Chrysopogon fulvas Cymbopogon martini C. jwarancusa | H H H | ||
Cynodon dactylon | H | ||
Dactylocteninum aegyptium | H | ||
D. sindicum Desmostachya bipinnata | H H | ||
Dicanthium annulatum Digitaria pennata | H H | ||
Echinachloa colona | H | ||
┬а |
| ||
Eleusine coracana Eragrostis ciliaris E. minor E. tenella | H H H H | ||
Heteropogon contortus | H | ||
Melanocenchris jacquemonti | H | ||
Oplismenus burmannii | H | ||
Oropetium thomaeum | H | ||
Panicum antidotale P. turgidum Perotis indica ┬а | H H H | ||
Phragmites karka | H | ||
Saccharum bengalense S. spontaneum | H H | ||
Sehima nervosum | H | ||
Setaria verticillata | H | ||
Sporobolus diander | H | ||
S. ioclados Sorghum helepense Stipagrotis plumosa | H H H | ||
Tetrapogon tenelus T. villosus Tragus roxburghii Urochloa panicoides | H H H H | ||
|
| Vetiveria zizanioides | H |
* Habit
Tree: ┬аT= Tree (Tall, medium sized), ST= Small tree/ Under tree
Shrub : S= Shrub, TS = Twining shrub, CS= Climbing shrub, SS= Scandent shrub/ Straggling shrub, TU= Twining undershrub,┬а SU=Scandent undershrub, US= Undershrub,
Herb : H= Herb, TH= Twining herb, C= Climber
Summary :
Summary of the various taxa recorded during the present study is depicted below :
S.No. | Class | No. of Families | No. of Genera | No. of Species |
1 | Dicotyledons | ┬а67 | 185 | ┬а242 |
2 | Monocotyledons | 12┬а | 55┬а | ┬а96 |
| Total | ┬а79 | 240┬а | 338 |
Acknowledgements:
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а We thank Sh. R.K. Hudda, Dy. C.F. Jhunjhunu for assistance and support during the course of study.
References:
- Bhandary, M.M. (1990): Flora of the Indian Desert (Reprint). MPS Repros, Jodhpur.
- Hudda, R.K. (2019): Management plan for Bansyal- Khetri- Bagor Conservation Reserve (2019-20 to 2028-29).
- Rathore, M.S. (2012): Working plan of Jhunjhunu Division (2012-13 to 2021-22).
- Shetty, B.V. & V. Singh (1987, 1991, 1993): Flora of Rajasthan, Vol. I, II, III. Botanical Survey of India.


















